Improvement in rock-drills



UNITED STATES,

PATENT OFFICE. if,

THOMAS J. LOVEGROVE, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR QT()`HIMSELF AND HENRY BALDWIN, JR.

IMPROVEMENT =|N PiocKeoalLLs.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 47.601. dated May 2,

To a/ZZ whom it may concern.-

. Beit known that I, THoMAsJ. LovEGRovE, ofthe city and vcounty ofPhiladelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new andusefulA Improvement in Tools for Boring Artes'ian or Oil Wells; of whichthe 'following is a fnl'l, clear, and exact description, reference beinghad to the accompanying`drawings, which make part of this specicaticn,in whichl Figure 1 represents a view in elevationo'f my improved boringapparatus with a por tion of the casin g broken away to show theinterior; Fig. 2, a vertical central section through the same ,Fi g. 3,a transverse section at the line ir w of Fig. 2; Fig. 4, a similarsection at thel line y y, and Fig. 5 a view in elevation of the face ofthe tool.

The objects of my invention are to prevent the jamming or sticking ofthe boring-tool, to rotate it automatically, and to remove the detritusfrom the bottom as fast as formed 5 and to these ends myimprovementconsists, first, in a drill perforated from its face to its head, incombination with a valve so placed in relation thereto as to be capableof removing the detritus created by its action second, in a drill havingits cutting-edge partly at right angles to its line of vibration, andpartly sloped downward from center to circumference, or from heel totoe, at an obtuse angleto its line of vibration, whereby the drill iscaused to glance to one side and cut a hole of a diameter larger thanthat of the. drill itself; third, in a drill having two or morecutting-edges on one side and a single cutting-edge in a higher plane onthe other, whereby a cone is left in the center of the Well by thepolygonal cutter,

and afterward removed by the single cutter; fourth, in a drill havingcutting-edges in different horizontal planes and at right angles to eachother; fifth, in combining with a drill having cutting-edges indifferent horizontal planes wings, iianges, or wedges to rotate thedrill; sixth, in combining with a drill turning flanges capable ofadjustment so as to pro-d ject more on one side than on the other.

In the accompanying drawings, which eX- emplify one mode of carrying outmy invention, a hollow or perforated drill, A, is shown as constructedwith a single radial Vcuttingedge, a, and one side extending acrossabout two-thirds of the diameter of the drill at a right angle to theline of the vibration, and

in this instance with four cnttingledges on the remaining portion of theface of the drill,

and in alowerhorizontal plane. These edges consist of a horizontalcuttingedge, a,ion the inner edge of the lower cutting-surface, ataright angle to the radial fline a, two diverging'straight cutting-edges,a2 a3, sloping outward and downward from the line a', and a curved edge,a4, connecting the edges a2 a?. These edges form a chamber or concavity,b, in the face of thedrill, fromwhich Aa perforation or channel, B,leads toa jar-chamber, (l.

A ball-valve, D,prevents the return Vof any detritus, Ste., which .hasonce passed up, and 'is restrained by a suitable stop or guide,

Wings, flanges, or guides F are projected Vfrom each side of the drill,and are `provided withcutting-edges sloped in opposite '-direci tions,to rotate the drill on the downstroke. By putting a slot through thedrill these anges can be made in one piece and fastened by a wedge orset-screw, so that they may be made to project more on one side than onthe other, and thus the projecting edge would aid in throwing the drillto one side to enlarge corresponding ratchet, i', on the jar-chambenj Aflexible discharge pipe or hose, J, leads from the jar to the place ofdischarge.'

l prefi r to vibrate the drill by means, of two ropes, K, of 4wire,oneattached to each side of the jar-tube Gr.

The operation of the apparatus 1s as folK lows: As the tool descends,the wings Fscrape against the sides of the well and rotate the y i idrill in the direction of the arrow in Fig. l. The water, detritus, &c.,in the well passes up through the channel B into the jar-chami i ber C.After thedrill hasvstruck, the piston H descends inthe jar-chamber adistance greater or less, according tothe force requisite for the upwardblow. During its descent the weight of the piston presses against thewater in the jarchamber, forcing the larger portion up the tube G, whilepart enters the chamber h and issues out through the holes or openings7L into the space in the jar-chamber above the piston H. O11 thenext(upward) stroke this water above the piston H is forced down throughthe channelsh and forced out at a tangent through the openin gs h, andthus turns the piston in a direction opposite lo that in which the drillwas turned, which in thus turning twists the ropes K. When the upstrokebegins, the ratchets i z" lock into each other and prevent the drill andpiston from turning independently of each other. As the rising movementcontinues, the untwisting of the ropes causes the tool to rotate in thedirection originally given on the downstroke, and this movement is aidedby the discharge of the water from the chamber h', as above described.As the drill rotates, the lower cutting-surface chips out an annulargroove around the circumference of the Well, leaving a short stem orcore in the center, which is removed 'by the radial cutting-edge a. Bythis arrangement I cut both in cross and radial lines intersecting eachother, and am thus enabled to bore much more rapidlythan could be doneby the ordinary single-edged cutting to ils.

rI he details of my invention may be modiell invarious Ways withoutdeparting from the spirit of my invention. For instance, the

drill might have a plain face, and a channel leadingdirectly from theface through'thehead. WhatI claim herein as new, and. desire to secureby Letters Patent, is-

1. A rock-drill perforated from its face to its head, and havingcutting-edges around the perforation, in combination with a valve, sub

stantially as described, for the purpose of removing the detritusthrough the drill.

2. A drill having part of its cutting-surface radial to its center andat a'right angle to its line of vibration and the other part slopeddownward from heel to toe at an obtuse angle to its line of vibration,substantially in the cuttingedges in different horizontal planes,

of the Wings or anges for rotating the drill, substantially asdescribed.

In testimony whereof l have hereunto subscribed my name.

T. J LOVEGROVE.

Witnesses:

WM. D. BALDWIN, HENRY BALDWIN.

